Este artículo tiene como objetivo general fundamentar el mapa de funciones del docente de investigación -a quien las autoras han designado como LOI-, con el fin de que sirva de base a la generación del estándar de competencia en la enseñanza de la metodología para asegurar el aprendizaje significativo desde el enfoque constructivista. El estudio presenta los resultados alcanzados en dos conglomerados, uno que recibe la enseñanza tradicional de metodología y otro que considera el nuevo enfoque establecido en el Mapa (...) de funciones LOI, y su impacto en la eficiencia terminal y la disminución de la deserción universitaria. (shrink)

En este artículo se formula un análisis crítico sobre el uso de Rúbricas durante los ejercicios de coevaluación entre pares sobre su desempeño en la investigación desarrollada en los estudios de posgrado. Las entrevistas a estudiantes y docentes muestran cómo se profundiza y amplía la comprensión de la descripción académica sobre el resultado que se busca por la aplicación de la metodología, debido a la observación contrastada del trabajo propio con el desempeño de los demás, de acuerdo con el sistema (...) de la enseñanza de la metodología de investigación propuesta por Alcántara y Ramírez (2022). (shrink)

Em que medida as alteridades não humanas se inscrevem na literatura brasileira contemporânea? Como alguns escritores brasileiros têm lidado com as relações paradoxais entre humanidade e animalidade, bem como com os problemas ecológicos do nosso tempo? Este artigo aborda a presença dos seres não humanos em obras de Nicanor Sena, Astrid Cabral, Olga Savary, Sérgio Medeiros e Josely Vianna Baptista, à luz de um referencial teórico transdisciplinar, que inclui pensadores como Ailton Krenak, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, Dominique Lestel e Donna (...) Haraway. Outro tópico desenvolvido é o hibridismo cultural e textual que atravessa os trabalhos de alguns dos autores incluídos no repertório literário, de forma a mostrar como eles apresentam um caráter fronteiriço, com um forte viés transnacional, por estarem atravessados por elementos zoológicos e mitológicos, lendas indígenas, referências literárias diversas e diferentes espaços linguístico-geográficos. (shrink)

This research essay by our collective ENDYEP, on our journey in Teacher Training in the key of Popular Education, proposes a permanent dialogue with the work of Maestro Paulo Freire and his legacy. We start from an ethical, pedagogical political option that needs others as a condition of existence and re-existence. In thinking and re-thinking ourselves, we propose a series of stops where we propose who we are, the ties, legacies and continuities that cross us -as well as- the ruptures (...) we have collectively conquered and the expected achievements. Time and again, we reaffirm that teacher training is the expression and choice of what has been the structuring axis of our walk as educators, both in the training of educators within the scope of social movements and in the formal structure of education. The Teacher Training Institutes of the City of Bs. As., Argentina. Teacher Training in Key to Popular Education is thus configured as the structuring axis of our educational praxis. The challenges of thinking and building a Teacher Training that was nourished by the emancipatory conceptions of Popular Education that has the teacher Freire as its exponent, were forging a new centrality in our actions. That is why we want to be part of this Freirian legacy as a transforming praxis. (shrink)

This article focuses, through a transdisciplinary perspective, on Peter Greenaway’s films, operas, installations and artworks, exploring the elements that characterize this oeuvre as encyclopaedic. In order to do so, it investigates possible concepts of encyclopaedia, the rhizomatic character of the contemporary encyclopaedic model and its consonance with the demands of plurality and heterogeneity of the globalized world. This article approaches, moreover, the critical-creative appropriation that the director makes of the scientific systems of classification, showing that the use of taxonomies in (...) his work aims at not only revealing the insufficiency and arbitrariness of such systems, but also subverting the ordering logic that defines them. The article also links Greenaway to some of his literary precursors like Jorge Luis Borges and Georges Perec, who also brought together in their encyclopaedic works the rules of classification and the parodic laws of fiction. (shrink)

This article investigates the concepts of love and eroticism of the Mexican poet and critic Octavio Paz, in his book The Double Flame. The purpose is to show how the author, in his treatment of the intersections between love, eroticism and sexuality in Western cultural life during several centuries, by way of an interdisciplinary and analogical method, makes as well a poetic manifesto in defence of sensitivity against the process of the commercialization of desire in the contemporary world and proposes (...) an erotic re-education of society at this century's end through the rehabilitation of the idea of love. (shrink)

This research presents an analysis of the learning strategies employed by students during confinement due to Covid-19 in the year 2021. The study sample consisted of 200 students from the Licenciado Benito Juárez García high school of the morning shift of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. A survey was applied to measure the degree of satisfaction in relation to their use and impact on the acquisition of knowledge, allowing them to be more self-taught.The results show that the hypothesis was (...) partially fulfilled, since practice and organization are the learning strategies that most supported them in learning. (shrink)

El quehacer docente durante la pandemia, llevo hacer cambios en su metodología de trabajo, la experiencia en aula virtual de la asignatura de microbiología involucra a los alumnos de quinto semestre del área de la salud, de la preparatoria licenciado Benito Juárez García. En ésta el alumno debe aprender a investigar, diseñar y poner en marcha una propuesta de difusión sobre la etiología y prevención de enfermedades causadas por microorganismos. Por lo que, debido a la contingencia sanitaria la difusión fue (...) por medios digitales a través de Blogs. (shrink)

This paper is situated within the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and addresses how women in organizational spaces with strongly values-driven practices can contribute to a more sustainable development in the implementation of a Circular Bioeconomy. Companies aligned with this model have a special responsibility to orient their practices towards comprehensive and fair sustainability if they want to align themselves with the policy frameworks of ecological transition. The article asks whether there is a harmonization of the environmental and social (...) dimensions of practices in companies aligned with the circular bioeconomy and how the participation of women in management positions (in this case, white women, college-educated and non-disabled women) can promote transformative organizational change. Based on the theories of CSR practices, critical feminist perspectives, and social practices theory, a comparative ethnographic approach is used, applying a multi-method (participant observation, interviews, and documents) and multi-site analysis with four companies. The study extends the empirical evidence aimed at favoring the adoption of integrated sustainable practices in organizations. Future research could investigate broader intersectional dynamics to provide more detail on the heterogeneity of the experiences and practices of women or feminist actors and their influence on organizations. (shrink)

Se presentan resultados parciales del "Proyecto Investigativo Institucional para el desarrollo sociohumanista de los profesionales de salud" que se despliega en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo desde el año 2016. Los procedimientos seguidos se corresponden con los de una investigación cualitativa en tanto permitieron caracterizar el estado de la educación sociohumanista en profesionales de la salud que se forman en la institución y el nivel de desarrollo de competencia sociohumanista en ese proceso. Mediante la investigación bibliográfica se precisan (...) sus definiciones, referentes teóricos y las tendencias que sigue la educación médica contemporánea mientras que la aplicación de otros métodos de investigación posibilitó establecer los elementos característicos, así como las dimensiones de su desarrollo en los profesionales de la salud. A partir de estas informaciones primarias, se cumplió el objetivo de diseñar la estrategia didáctica que favorezca, mediante un sistema de acciones, la aplicación del enfoque educativo sociohumanista en el contexto de la superación profesional orientada al logro de competencia sociohumanista en el modo de actuación de los profesionales de la salud que beneficie la calidad de su servicio. Partial results of the are presented "I Project Investigative Institutional for the sociohumanist development of the professionals of health" that spreads in the University of Medical Sciences of Guantánamo from the year 2016. The followed procedures belong together with those of a qualitative investigation as long as they allowed to characterize the state of the sociohumanist education in professionals of the health that are formed in the institution and the level of development of sociohumanist competence in that process. By means of the bibliographical investigation they are necessary their definitions, relating theoretical and the tendencies that it follows the contemporary medical education while the application of other investigation methods facilitated to establish the characteristic elements, as well as the dimensions of its development in the professionals of the health. Starting from these primary informations, the objective was completed of designing the didactic strategy that it favored, by means of a system of actions, the application of the focus sociohumanist educational in the context of the professional superation guided to the achievement of sociohumanist competence in the way of the professionals' of the health performance that benefits the quality of its service. (shrink)

La violencia en México, específicamente en algunos estados de la República mexicana en donde la población se enfrenta a situaciones de peligro, tiene como una de tantas consecuencias la ausencia de personal médico que se desempeñe como profesional y proporcione servicios de salud en estas zonas rurales. En este sentido, es de considerar que la asignación de recursos humanos en salud es fundamental para el funcionamiento de un sistema eficiente y observar las causas por las que médicos que desde el (...) servicio social hasta el desempeño de su especialidad no consideran trabajar en lugares en donde se sienten vulnerables. En este proceso, es importante visibilizar los cuestionamientos éticos que pueden surgir por lo que este trabajo pretende dar importancia al tema de la exposición de circunstancias, hechos y cifras dentro de esta problemática y plantear las cuestiones normativas pertinentes dentro de este contexto. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente artículo es el de Contribuir al conocimiento y reflexión sobre las experiencias que enfrenta el personal médico en situaciones críticas. Se llevaron a cabo once entrevistas a médicos en diversas regiones del país, utilizando un guion elaborado a partir de una revisión de la literatura en artículos académicos y medios de comunicación en línea. Con los datos recopilados, se construyó una matriz y se realizó un análisis temático. Se identificaron cinco conjuntos de temas: (i) Información general (...) de los médicos y motivos para trabajar en zonas críticas; (ii) efectos de la violencia y la pandemia por COVID-19 en la prestación de servicios de salud; (iii) Recursos en salud; (iv) La ambivalencia del triaje: alivio ante la escasez, pero descontento moral hacia los médicos y (v) Gobernanza y políticas públicas. Como conclusiones se puede decir que la interacción de dos situaciones críticas, la violencia y la pandemia de COVID-19, plantea desafíos éticos que requieren una reflexión profunda. (shrink)

La vulnerabilidad narrativa, producto de la exclusión de los marcos de representación del contexto, que priva a algunos de ser vistos, escuchados y sentidos por la mayoría, implica la precariedad de amplias generaciones transformadas en “vidas fungibles”, esto es, en instrumentos vivos y animados de las máquinas de la guerra. Estos hombres y mujeres, empero, no son engranajes de la destrucción, sino seres con un nombre y una historia singular. Su capacidad de traducir narrativamente la realidad ofrece otro encuadre de (...) interpretación sobre el pasado y el futuro a partir de su llamado a una nueva vida y al fin de la violencia armada. Aquí reside la propuesta de esta contribución, en la que, usando las reflexiones de Hannah Arendt y de Judith Butler, además de una entrevista a profundidad con un excombatiente colombiano en proceso de reintegración, se advierte en la narración la respuesta a la fungibilidad —‍ la condición de existencias usufructuables, reemplazables y matables‍‍— de forma que se posibilita una vida biográfica, cargada de porvenir. (shrink)

Our world is under going an enormous digital transformation. Nearly no area of our social, informational, political, economic, cultural, and biological spheres are left unchanged. What can philosophy contribute as we try to under- stand and think through these changes? How does digitization challenge past ideas of who we are and where we are headed? Where does it leave our ethical aspirations and cherished ideals of democracy, equality, privacy, trust, freedom, and social embeddedness? Who gets to decide, control, and harness (...) the powers of digitization and for which purposes? Epistemologically, do most of us understand these new mediations – and thus fabrics – of our new world? Lastly – how is the new technological landscape shaping not only our living conditions but also our collective imaginary and our self-identities? (shrink)

The family of discounted Shapley values is analyzed for cooperative games in coalitional form. We consider the bargaining protocol of the alternating random proposer introduced in Hart and Mas-Colell. We demonstrate that the discounted Shapley values arise as the expected payoffs associated with the bargaining equilibria when a time discount factor is considered. In a second model, we replace the time cost with the probability that the game ends without agreements. This model also implements these values in transferable utility games, (...) moreover, the model implements the α\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}-consistent values in the nontransferable utility setting. (shrink)

Entre los objetivos primordiales de la enseñanza de segundas lenguas está el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas como base para la correcta comprensión. En el diagnóstico realizado al estudiantado de la Filial Preparatoria de las Ciencias de la Salud de Morón se evidenciaron limitaciones en dicho componente, porque no es capaz de comprender literalmente el texto, resumirlo, comentar la información ni emitir juicios y criterios. Por tal motivo este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar aspectos esenciales del desarrollo de la comprensión de (...) textos con fines específicos en el estudiantado de los cursos preparatorios de las ciencias de la salud. Between the principals objectives of teaching second languages, it´s the development of communication activities to base for the correct understanding. Diagnose done to the students of the ¨Preparatory Filial in Health Science of Morón¨ we could watched limitations of this resource, because isn´t capable to understand the text textually, to summarize it, comment the information neither make judgments and opinions. By the way this project has like primary objective make a bibliographic revision of the fundamental aspects about the importance has de development of texts compression with specifics purposes in the students in preparatory courses of health ´s science. (shrink)

Aberrations introduced by the atmospheric turbulence in large telescopes are compensated using adaptive optics systems, where the use of deformable mirrors and multiple sensors relies on complex control systems. Recently, the development of larger scales of telescopes as the E-ELT or TMT has created a computational challenge due to the increasing complexity of the new adaptive optics systems. The Complex Atmospheric Reconstructor based on Machine Learning is an algorithm based on artificial neural networks, designed to compensate the atmospheric turbulence. During (...) recent years, the use of GPUs has been proved to be a great solution to speed up the learning process of neural networks, and different frameworks have been created to ease their development. The implementation of CARMEN in different Multi-GPU frameworks is presented in this paper, along with its development in a language originally developed for GPU, like CUDA. This implementation offers the best response for all the presented cases, although its advantage of using more than one GPU occurs only in large networks. (shrink)

Introduction: Congruence, understood as the agreement between the patient's preferred place of death and their actual place of death, is emerging as one of the main variables indicating the quality of end-of-life care. The aim of this research was to conduct a systematic literature review on levels and determinants of congruence in palliative patients over the period 2010–2021.Method: A systematic review of the literature in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cuiden, the Cochrane Library, CSIC Indexes, (...) and IBECS. Information was extracted on research characteristics, congruence, and associated factors.Results: A total of 30 studies were identified, mainly of retrospective observational design. The congruence values varied substantially between the various studies, ranging from 21 to 100%. The main predictors of congruence include illness-related factors, individual factors, and environmental factors.Conclusion: This review, in comparison with previous studies, shows that treatment-related factors such as physical pain control, marital status, having a non-working relative, age, discussing preferred place of death with a healthcare professional, and caregiver's preference have been associated with higher levels of congruence. Depending on the study, other factors have been associated with either higher or lower congruence, such as the patient's diagnosis, gender, or place of residence. This information is useful for designing interventions aimed towards greater congruence at the end of life. (shrink)

As escolhas tradutórias de intérpretes de Libras dos enunciados matemáticos podem influenciar diretamente na compreensão dos estudantes surdos. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar e analisar a tradução, do português para a libras, dos enunciados de três situações-problema do campo aditivo (composição, comparação e transformação) por meio das Ações Construídas e distinguir as diferenças nas duas modalidades. Como aporte teórico, foi utilizada a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais e aspectos linguísticos da tradução em Libras. O estudo foi conduzido seguindo as etapas: (...) (i) análise das situações-problema; (ii) discussão para a escolha das estratégias de tradução; (iii) produção de vídeo-Libras dos enunciados. Como resultado, obtivemos uma análise descritiva da tradução de cada situação. A tradução em Libras com uso das Ações Construídas permitiu ampliar as informações contextuais de cada situação usando o gênero narrativo, dando vida aos personagens, suas ações e as relações matemáticas envolvidas. (shrink)

This paper presents an analysis of the use of humorous stickers within a WhatsApp chat group. With the rapid growth of digital communication, particularly on mobile devices, WhatsApp has become a popular platform for various forms of interaction, including voice and video calls, as well as text and voice messaging. In this context, humour is a prevalent phenomenon, especially in groups where participants have established familiarity and trust. The prevalence of humour in digital communication is largely attributed to the use (...) of multimodal resources, such as stickers – digital images that can include text and are used to convey emotions, feelings, and humour. The study’s initial hypothesis posits that stickers serve as a means of humour contextualization, helping to emphasize and enhance the intended humour in messages. Additionally, stickers are believed to aid in reducing misunderstandings during communication and mitigating potential threats to the participants’ social image. For this case study, the researchers employed a qualitative approach to analyse conversations within a Spanish WhatsApp group comprising numerous participants, resulting in a corpus comprising 44,362 words and 273 stickers. From this data, they selected 8 humorous conversational sequences that exemplify the primary uses and functions of stickers in this digital context. (shrink)

Com formidável velocidade, as máquinas de guerra, diferentes dos aparelhos de Estado, transformam a vítima em instrumento de guerra (acionável, intercambiável e matável), até à sua exaustão final. Assim, categorias inteiras de “populações negadas”, inertes e precárias, são transformadas em ferramentas (úteis e vivas) de violência armada, colocadas, hoje, ao serviço daqueles que reivindicam o direito de matar, e da mesma forma, em “realidades”. “perdidos” que não deixam vestígios de sua passagem pelo mundo. Aqui está a forma inédita e concreta (...) de poder e a divisão das máquinas de guerra (gangues, milícias, grupos rebeldes e estruturas paramilitares), que, além de fazerem morrer e deixarem viver, produzem e reproduzem centenas de “vidas fungíveis”, quais Eles são usados, substituídos e eliminados de acordo com os interesses da violência. Daí a sua natureza “descartável”. Esta composição hermenêutica crítica, que utiliza fundamentalmente o pensamento de Butler, Deleuze, Guattari, Mbembe, Arendt, Agamben e Roxin, além de alguns depoimentos de ex-combatentes colombianos, que pintaram e narraram a guerra, trata de definir e caracterizar a noção “vida fungível” (inexistente na literatura, mas empiricamente verificável). É tão útil quanto sem precedentes para representar formas contemporâneas de violência armada. (shrink)

Resumen:Este artículo critica las estrategias sin éxito que actualmente utiliza la investigación social cualitativa para dotar de un referente empírico centrado exclusivamente en las locuciones de los informantes. Dicha crítica permite fundamentar y concretar la propuesta de la inclusión sistemática de referentes empíricos ad-hoc en la producción y registro del habla objeto de estudio, contribuyendo de este modo a fomentar una investigación social cualitativa menos hermética, más equitativa y también más sostenible y reutilizable.Palabras clave: discurso social; referente empírico; metodología; análisis (...) cualitativo; texto. (shrink)

Juan de Vera’s El Enbaxador (1620) was one of the main treatises on the role of the ambassador in Early Modern Europe and the first one published in Spanish. At the time, Spain was no exception to the influence of Tacitus as a significant ancient author to inspire the political practice of the age. Juan de Vera, a nobleman and writer, soon an ambassador and entitled count, incorporated his own reading of Tacitus into El Enbaxador. Justus Lipsius, the outstanding editor (...) of Tacitus’ works, was also a main source for this book which was defined by John Elliott as a ‘quintessentially Lipsian handbook for diplomats’. The focus of this article is on Tacitus’ citations in El Enbaxador and their contexts within the book. My aim is to identify the specific themes for which Tacitus served as an exemplary source of guidance according to this particular text. Notably, some of such themes pertain to ambassadorial affairs, while others are common political topics in Early Modern Europe. Vera's reading of Tacitus in El Enbaxador gained wider dissemination beyond Spain as the work was subsequently translated into French and Italian. (shrink)

La música puede afectar al individuo en todos sus niveles –físico, mental y espiritual–. El presente artículo se centra en el papel que ésta desempeña en el desarrollo de la vida espiritual y trascendental. Para ello, realizaremos un repaso histórico de su evolución estética y social, abordaremos dicho fenómeno a nivel fisiológico y presentaremos sus aplicaciones clínicas y sociales. Seguidamente y a modo de ejemplo de las concepciones de pensamiento occidental y oriental, trataremos la forma en que el cristianismo y (...) el budismo conciben la música dentro de su doctrina. Finalizaremos con algunas reflexiones sobre el tema. (shrink)

This article studies natural food packaging as enabling artifacts of the traditional material culture of Antioquia in Colombia. For this purpose, we consider artifacts as objective nodes that combine design and use intentions, functions, materials, histories, artifactual lineages, and cooperative relationships that stabilize ritualized practices of a human group. We take the example of natural packaging as artifacts that enablers and stabilizers of traditional cooking and food preparation practices. Natural packaging materials are here assumed to be leaves having some favorable (...) property to contain a food product. After providing a theoretical reflection, we analyze the data collected from fieldwork we conducted in two towns in Antioquia, Colombia (Santa Fe de Antioquia and Amagá), as well as from an interview with an expert in the field. Finally, we show that it is possible to postulate an analysis under a relational ontological description of a traditional practice with conceptual categories of the philosophy of technology. (shrink)

This volume comprises a lively and thorough discussion between philosophers and Tyler Burge about Burge's recent, and already widely accepted, position in the theory of meaning, mind, and knowledge. This position is embodied by an externalist theory of meaning and an anti-individualist theory of mind and approach to self-knowledge. The authors of the eleven papers here expound their versions of this position and go on to critique Burge's version. Together with Burge's replies, this volume offers a major contribution to contemporary (...) philosophy. (shrink)

Los resultados que aquí presentamos forman parte del proyecto “Riesgo de fracaso y abandono escolar en Secundaria Obligatoria. Los contextos educativos, familiares y socioculturales. Un estudio cualitativo” (Código: SEJ 2664) y tiene como objetivo analizar y comprender en Andalucía qué factores determinan que el alumnado que han estado en situación de riesgo y/o abandono en ESO retomen sus estudios y vuelvan a ingresar dentro del sistema educativo. Todo ello realizado desde la propia voz de las personas protagonistas, poniéndolas en el (...) centro de la investigación para así aproximarnos a su realidad; vivida y percibida de forma individual y particular. (shrink)

ResumenLa investigación social cualitativa ha prescindido de la utilización de referentes empíricos accesibles y compartidos a partir de los cuales acordar la producción y el análisis del habla. A partir de este criticable déficit, lo que hace este trabajo es analizar el problema del habla utilizada como material empírico para observación desde el punto de vista de la labor científica. Con esta finalidad se argumenta la importancia de la comunicabilidad de las observaciones producidas y de su análisis a partir de (...) los problemas que plantea la función deíctica del habla observada en la investigación. La conclusión del trabajo plantea la necesidad acordar e introducir un referente objetual en la situación de observación experimental con el fin de garantizar la comunicabilidad de las acciones investigadoras, así como la recepción y circulación del habla observada entre las distintas comunidades de hablantes y sistemas discursivos.Palabras clave: discurso social; validez; investigación cualitativa; función deíctica; comunicación. (shrink)

Poco sabemos del impacto de muchas sustancias químicas artificiales en nuestro suelo. Existen más de 100.000 diferentes, y aunque muchas se han prohibido por peligrosas, sabemos que ya se encuentran en suelos a los que han llegado, la mayoría de las veces, por vertidos no controlados.

Vulnerability, understood as a negative aspect of criminalization under immune considerations, constitutes itself as a creative and transformative force that makes it possible to think about a life in common sustained through care and affirmative protection of life. The development of this idea requires three specific stages: in the first, it is described the current democracy as a government technique whose management depends on vulnerable populations; in the second, it is reviewed criminalization as a specific form of immune control; and (...) finally, it is recognized vulnerability as the basis of a new way of democratic life, departing from the attention of certain social groups that have been criminalized due to their precariousness. (shrink)

This Article investigates the determinants of dividend policy in firms with concentrated ownership structures. A review of the empirical literature shows that dividend payout ratios are lower in firms with controlling shareholders. We explain this finding as a consequence of the legal rules governing cash distributions, which leave the dividend decision in the hands of the firm insiders, and the lack of monitoring mechanisms for checking the power of controlling shareholders. The analysis of the empirical evidence on dividend policy points (...) to the existence of an unresolved agency conflict between controlling shareholders and outside investors. We conclude that controlling shareholders are currently using the dividend policy to expropriate minority shareholders. (shrink)

La infamia constituye el modelo ideal de castigo actual, ya que marca el cuerpo real y simbólico de ciertos sujetos, sin ninguna mediación institucional: los individuos y los grupos sociales se arrogan el derecho a imputar, juzgar y castigar. De manera que existen instituciones formales y, además, ciertos colectivos informales que neutralizan, excluyen, matan y encierran real y simbólicamente, ejerciendo un poder para-judicial y para-penal. En palabras más precisas, hay una penalidad que no pasa necesariamente por el poder judicial ni (...) el proceso legal, sino por el tribunal social y psicológico efectuado por algunos agentes de control social informal. La realidad evidencia la absorción progresiva del proceso judicial en el juicio colectivo, sin ninguna garantía ni código distinto a la mirada, el murmullo social y el juicio instantáneo. La sociedad se transforma así en un tribunal permanente que odia, etiqueta y castiga, y cuya inmediatez, espontaneidad y anonimato reaviva la infamia de los viejos sistemas de la penalidad medieval, así como la devastadora marcación totalitaria. (shrink)

This paper presents a systematic investigation of fuzzy Galois connections in the sense of R. Bělohlávek [1], from the point of view of enriched category theory. The results obtained show that the theory of enriched categories makes it possible to present the theory of fuzzy Galois connections in a succinct way; and more importantly, it provides a useful method to express and to study the link and the difference between the commutative and the non-commutative worlds.

La memoria es el principio de la justicia que permite destruir el vínculo entre el poder y la violencia que funda y mantiene el orden del derecho. La justicia de la memoria es, en efecto, una fuerza revolucionaria que anuncia el sufrimiento de los oprimidos, de los vencidos, de los sojuzgados de la historia; es una especie de antihistoria que se rebela ante el poder que somete la vida natural a un estado de excepción permanente; es una justa apelación a (...) la justicia más allá del derecho que permite instaurar un nuevo orden fundado en la vida como potencia y como vida justa. (shrink)

This article explores the complex bond between human life and the force of law from the contributions made by Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben. Both authors realize the transit of the legal system from sovereign power —which brings death by spilling the blood of men as a symbol of the naked life— to the analytics of biopower —which grants life but lets the race die—. However, Agamben goes further and proves the way contemporary biopower, closely linked to sovereign right, reduces (...) human life to the mere idea of biological life producing survivors. (shrink)